Jan 01, 2014· The activation process could be described by the product layer diffusion kinetic model with activation energy of 24.98 kJ/mol. The results reveal that acid activation of bentonite with 10 mol/l HCl acid can be employed as an economical technique for modification of bentonite to enhance its surface properties and adsorption capacity. References
Mar 07, 2021· The XRD patterns of bentonite and acid-activated bentonite are shown in Figure 6. The major mineral constituents that have been observed are montmorillonite (M), gypsum (G), quartz (Q) and calcite (C). Bleaching of the bentonite sample with sulphuric acid (7 N) did not show any major variation in mineral content except calcite . There was a ...
Jul 28, 2021· preparation and characterization of acid-activated bentonite using binary acid solutions and demonstrating the control of the electrical conductivity of tap water in the WEDM process. Therefore, the focus of this study was on the acid activation of bentonite using a binary acid solution, such as solutions with sulfuric, nitric, and phosphoric ...
Bentonite (/ ˈ b ɛ n t ə n aɪ t /) is an absorbent swelling clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite.It usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash in seawater, which converts the volcanic glass present in the ash to clay minerals. Bentonite beds are white or pale blue or green in fresh exposures, turning to a cream color and then yellow, red, or brown as the exposure is weathered further.
While 97.8% of the original bentonite sample is less than 10 µm in size, 97.8% of the activated samples with 0.5 M acid and 92% of the activated sample with 4 M acid are less than 28.25 µm in ...
Bentonite clays from Athi River and Thika were activated using sulphuric acid at various concentrations under reflux, and investigated for their ability to bleach vegetable oil. Bleaching properties of acid-activated bentonite clays were studied to investigate their
furic acid with different concentration from 2 to 8 M was used as activation medium. Bentonite was weighted and mixed in labora-tory 2-neck flask equipped by heater and condenser. The activation process was performed at different acid concentration, activation temperatures and times. After the activation process, the specific surface area was meas-
Modification of Bentonite Clay for Adsorption Enhancement for Congo red Dye Removal from Textile Waste Water Kiros Fisseha A Thesis Submitted to Addis Ababa University, Institute of Technology, School of Chemical and Bio engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirement of Master of Science in Process Engineering
Apr 01, 2020· Many researchers have tried to modify bentonite to enhance the adsorption capacity for cationic dyes (Selvam et al. 2008; Farhan et al. 2014). For example, Javed et al. (2018) prepared activated bentonite using different organic and inorganic acids and conducted batch experiments to investigate its adsorption removal efficiency for Mordant Red 73.
Mar 12, 2018· 3.1.4. Determination of BET Surface Area. The surface area of bentonite shows a significant increase with activation by acid. Measured values are 66.2 and 287.8 m 2 g −1 for raw and activated bentonite, respectively. Since this increase is a result of removing impurities, replacement of exchangeable cations, such as K +, Na +, and Ca 2+, with H + ions, and leaching out A1 3+, Fe 3+, …
Acid activated smectites are used as catalysts, catalyst beds, adsorbents and bleaching earth in industry (14). One reason for this interest is that acid – activated clays exhibit significantly different physicochemical characteristics compared to their non – activated counterparts. One of these physicochemical properties is surface area.
The adsorbents, an organically activated bentonite (OAB) and a humic acid polymer (HAP), were tested in a common in vitro model with a pH course comparing the maximum pH changes that can be expected in the digestive system of a monogastric animal, i.e. pH 7.4 for the oral cavity, pH 3.0 for the stomach, and pH 8.4 for the intestines.
Acid and thermal activation of nano bentonite . The acid-thermal activation of nano bentonite was followed by a two-step methodology. Primarily, bentonite was enacted utilizing 0.1 M HCl at 30 ° C and stirred for 1 h. Then, the acidified nano bentonite was washed with excess double-ionized water.
Jul 28, 2021· Raw bentonite (RB) was activated using sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid solutions with concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mol/L, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images ...
A solution with an initial concentration of 2400 mg/l was prepared.Different amounts of surfactant were added to known amounts of acid-activated bentonite so that the relation between g of surfactant and g of adsorbent varied from 0.1 to 1.0 in a total volume of 0.250 l.
Apr 14, 2020· The nano-adsorbents present considerable decontamination potential due to their unique characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the adsorption efficiency and capacity of synthesized nano graphene oxide coated layer over Egyptian clays (bentonite, kaolinite and feldspar) as substrate. The experimental work involves nano graphene oxide coating using acid dehydration via sulfuric acid …
Apr 14, 2021· In this process, bentonite is activated by treating it with hydrochloric acid at different concentrations ( 4N, 6N ) for different times (3hr, 4hr, 6 hrs.) and with a weight ratio of bentonite / acid (5: 1) and at a temperature of 70-80 ° C, then it is washed with hot water until reaching the PH = 7 followed by drying. 3. Results and discussion
bentonite is considered as the best candidate for sorption of dif-ferent kinds of emerging pollutants (Genç and Dogan 2015). Furthermore, the ability of modifying bentonite by different kinds of modifiers such as organic or inorganic chemicals and acid or alkaline solutions can result in …
6.2.1 Development of Thermal Activated Bentonite 159 . 6.2.2 Synthesis of Acid Activated Bentonite 160 . 6.2.3 Impact of Heat Treatment on Acid Activated Bentonite 161 . 6.2.4 Analyzing the Effect of Operating Parameters on . Congo Red Adsorption 161 . 6.2.5 Evaluation of Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetics and Mechanism 163
activated bentonite were presented. Thermal activation at 200°C did not significantly influence its surface morphology, especially for HCl and ZnCl 2. This process was because of the use of the industrial Memmert oven instead of the atmospheric with nitrogen or carbon monoxide. However, the acid-activated bentonite showed different surface
Acid Activated Bentonite is a type of bentonite with the structure which has been partly dissolved by treatment with acids. Based on the degree of activation, original Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ cations are mostly removed, and part of Si, Al, Mg, and Fe from the framework are dissolved. Acid activated bentonite shows the high surface area above 200 m2 ...
A heterogeneous Cu/clay catalyst was synthesized by dispersing copper onto the surface of bentonite clay through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). To resolve the copper leaching problem during the catalyst's application in aqueous reaction, a critical pretreatment step, acid activation by H2SO4, was applied to the original bentonite clay. Such manufactured Cu/clay catalyst was characterized and ...
activated bentonite, activated bentonite used H 3 PO 4 and ZnCl 2 have coarser surface than activated bentonite used HCl (Fig. 4). The different of pores in surface area caused by different activators. Activator can make surface area coarser and biggest pores, it will give an impact on the ability of …
The hydrochloric acid (HCl) (98%, d = 1.98 g/cm 3) and other chemicals used are of analytical grade. The purified bentonite was prepared for acid activation: 15 g ± 0.01 g of the purified sample was weighed into a flask and 200 mL of 1.0 M HCl was added.
ABSTRACT The effect of acid activation on the textural properties of a bentonite from Serbia was investigated using response surface methodology. The influence of activation parameters (temperature, time, acid normality, solid-to-liquid ratio and
distillation process, and then analyzed for different physical properties. 6. The sulfuric acid activation procedure of date palm kernels powder was followed by the work done by Jazayeri and Rezaei [9]. III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The waste oil was treated over different adsorbents such as bentonite, activated bentonite, date palm kernels powder with
May 13, 2017· Acid Activated Clay Adsorption Properties. Acid Treatment of Bentonite: Under the influence of a mineral acid the exchangeable alkaline earth ions of bentonite are substituted by hydrogen ions. Moreover, depending on the acid concentration, temperature, pressure and reaction time, a more or less pronounced leaching process takes place. Thereby ...
