Flow scheme for clarifiers and thickeners The feed flowrate (Q f ) and concentration (x f ) are normally design parameters. This leaves the designer or operator to determine the underflow pumping rate (Q u ) (sometimes called blowdown) required to achieve a desired underflow effluent concentration (x u ) .
Mar 10, 2020· The density value (or mass flow) can be used to improve the thickening efficiency. A density meter together with a flow meter in the underflow can help to check the productivity of the thickener, while solids can be detected real-time using a density or solids meter in the overflow. ... It is important to control the thickening process, because ...
Apr 03, 2018· Step 1 – Sludge Thickening. The first step in the sewage sludge treatment plan is called thickening. In this step, the sewage sludge is thickened in a gravity thickener to reduce its overall volume, thus enabling the easy handling of the sludge. Dissolved air flotation is another alternative that can be used to effectively to thicken the ...
tially impact the biological process. Cl a ri f i ers may also be used for tem po-ra ry slu d ge stora ge du ring diu rnal flow f lu ctu a ti on s . Lon g - term slu d ge stora ge in cl a ri f i ers should be avoi ded, s i n ce it re su l t s in a su b s t a n tial porti on ofthe bi om a s s being held in the cl a ri f i er in a rel a tively
Mar 11, 2021· Why process control? In a real situation there are a lot of disturbances in the process. In the thickener, there can be many disturbances, like feed disturbances: volumetric flow, changing ore types, particle size changes and Rheology conditions. That is why it is important to have good control over the process.
activity. A well operated thickener will have a solids recovery of about 95% [3]. Design of Thickeners The thickening process takes place in a settling tank with long-enough solids retention time. For example in secondary clarifiers of activated sludge systems both clarification and thickening …
The type of thickening selected is usually determined by the size of a wastewater plant, its physical constraints and the downstream process. AES can offer gravity thickening, dissolved air flotation (DAF) thickening, centrifugal thickening, and rotary drum thickening depending upon the process application & space availability. 1.
Valmet's Gravity Thickeners guarantee highly efficient broke and pulp thickening, delivering high-capacity dewatering in a compact and cost-efficient process for a wide range of paper and board grades. The pulp is fed into one end of the rotating drum, and gravity causes the thickened pulp to drop from the wire to be discharged at the ...
HiFlo™ High-rate Thickeners Overview: WesTech HiFlo™ high-rate thickeners are used in many types of process circuits to separate liquids and solids at very high rates. They are highly effective in coal refuse thickening, gold recovery, CCD circuits, copper leaching, molybdenum processing and other mining and chemical flowsheets.
process however enables only sedimentation or clarification properties to be evaluated. Continous gravity settling simulates a thickening chamber and is thus much more representative of the real operation. In studying the process of thickening, two types of continuous thickeners may be used: Laboratory columns varying from 0.5 - 2 ft. in ...
Jun 18, 2020· Gravity thickeners generally retain 80−90% of the solids in the thickened product stream, depending on the sludge characteristics and the efficiency of the preceding conditioning stage. The sludge characteristics also govern the solids loading rate (SLR), which is the rate in kg/d at which the sludge dry solids enter the process per unit process cross-sectional area.
Jun 13, 2017· By controlling flocculation and solids inventory, the thickening process is stabilized and consistent, optimum; underflow density can be achieved through manual optimization. Flocculant dosing. Flocculant dosing should be matched to the mass flow to the thickener with the rate adjusted to suit the ore being processed.
In addition, the AltaFlo™ Thickener uses sedimentation technology to maximize the recovery rate of clean, clarified overflow water that can be recycled and reused in the process. AltaFlo™ slurry thickeners are available in several sizes, general or seismic design, with options including local control panel, bed level sensor and pressure ...
Aug 13, 2018· The information includes process models, animations and a searchable knowledge base that contains research data and comprehensive reviews on thickener technology. A significant benefit to individual project sponsors is the opportunity to engage the research team to work on site-specific problems, with the findings remaining confidential to the ...
Jul 06, 2020· Mixing Thickeners 101. When making any gel-type product, proper mixing of rheology modifiers or thickening agents is a crucial step in the production process. Figure 1: Multi-shaft mixer designed for single-pot processing of viscous and air-free gel formulations. My colleagues and I have recently been receiving a flood of inquiries from ...
Description. The High-Rate thickeners became popular in the mid 1980's and are relatively newcomers to the sedimentation line of equipment. As already discussed previously Thickeners are a major component in a plant layout and occupy large spaces which may be saved by introducing high-rate machines. Furthermore, they are normally positioned far away from the center of the plant so to allow ...
Jul 13, 2016· How a Thickener Works. Thickening or dewatering may be defined as the removal of a portion of the liquid from a pulp or slime made up of a mixture of finely divided solids and liquids. The early methods of thickening employed plain, flat-bottomed tanks into which the pulp was fed until the tank was full. The solids were then allowed to settle ...
process system . Anaerobic Digestion • Types (Wet): – Plug Flow – Low Rate – Complete Mix – Low Rate – Fixed Film – High Rate (soluble) ... • Most all are plug flow type • Most all on farms-manure focus • Most operating less than 60% efficiency • Not designed for food wastes.
The present invention relates to improved thickening compositions, often referred to as Theological additives, used to provide viscosity control, flow, leveling and other rheological properties to clear aqueous systems such as automotive clear-coat paints and coatings. The invention hereof involves the synthesis of a new family of Theological additives by combining, through a reaction process ...
Mar 06, 2018· Sludge flows into the thickening tank, and eventually, it removes excess water from the solids collecting at the bottom. A gravity thickener has a similar process to the tanks, but it has a sloped design so that solids collect at the base. Dissolved-air flotation is another type of sludge-thickening process. Small air particles attach to the ...
thickening process by producing clearer "filtrate" and thicker solids. When chemicals are required, a chemical system that includes storage, blending, and make-down (for polymer), and chemical feed pumps are necessary. Mixing valves or static mixers may also be needed to
Chapter 1: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 370 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 1. Etiology: study of causes or reasons for a particular injury. Idiopathic (unknown) vs Iatrogenic (unintended/unwanted medical treatment). Risk Factor: a factor that increases the likelihood of disease. 2. Pathogenesis: development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to ultimate expression of manifestations of the disease. 3 ...
Dec 09, 2019· Picket Fence Thickeners based on this design rely on several very important factors. These factors include accurate Process Flow Diagrams for the plant, plant components, an experienced operator and availability of Tank sizes from Tank Manufacturers.
Therefore, the tank design must ensure a smooth, continuous flow of liquid at the center well, the s, and the solids removal point. Gravity thickener designs usually include circular tanks, 3-4 m (10-13 ft) deep and up to 25 m (82 ft) in diameter. The dimensions …
A thickener according to claim 6 further comprising a plate connected with the side of the feedwell adjacent the aperture for vertical sliding movement between an open position permitting the dilute liquid to flow from the tank into the feedwell through the aperture and a closed position substantially restricting flow through the aperture.
UNUSED FL Thickener Drive Mechanism. Manufacturer: FL. Inventory ID: 20C-MA15. View Details. FL 26' Diameter Thickener. Inventory ID: 20C-SO01. ... PROCESS PLANT [24] PUMPS [92] ROLLING STOCK [12] SCREEN EQUIPMENT [30] SCRUBBERS ...
Thickeners are a major component in a plant layout and their selection may be critical for several reasons: They occupy large spaces as may be seen from the aerial photograph of three large thickeners. They are normally positioned far away from the center of the plant and owing to the large flows they are fed by gravity to save pumping.
Flow is brought into the Thickener through a pipe which may be either suspended from the bridge or brought through the side of the tank. Overflow from the tank is collected in a peripheral trough or inboard troughs, each provided with adjustable serrated plates.